Pages: 254-262
Published: 30.11.2023
Abstract: The purpose of the research is to study the influence of winter green manure crops on the growth, development, crop formation, yield and seed qualities of potato varieties, as well as elements of soil fertility and, on their basis, to select the best green manure crops and varieties that allow obtaining a sustainable high healthy yield of seed potatoes. In 2021-2023, research was carried out on old-irrigated medium-loamy typical gray soils with a groundwater depth of 7-8 m. The soils were characterized by favorable agrophysical properties and low content of humus, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, and an average content of exchangeable potassium. We studied mid-early crops – Sante, Silvana and Bardoshli-3 on the following winter green manure crops – rapeseed, oilseed radish, peas (green pot), gray mustard and peas + oilseed radish. Winter plowing was used as a control. An increase in the proportion of macro-aggregates by 12.9-26.1% in the arable soil layer, a decrease in micro-aggregates by 24.8-26.9%, a decrease in volumetric mass by 1.23-1.32 g/cm3, and an increase in water permeability by 70.8 were studied. -123.8 m3/ha, increase in humus content by 1.20-1.23%, nitrate- nitrogen - 12,38-33,56, available phosphorus - 31,37-43,25, exchangeable potassium - 310,7-326,2 mg/kg. Plant development (the growing season extended to 4-8 days, height 66.4-80.7 cm; multi-stemmed 4.3-5.4 or more 1.1-1.6 pieces; powerful tops 404.4-495.3 d), the formation of productive, healthy (tuber yield 617.5-887.5 g, number of tubers - 6.7-11.2, average weight of one tuber - 76.2-90.2 grams) bushes and harvest, productivity ( 32.3-37.3 t/ha) and (marketable yield 25.4-36.8 t/ha, seed tuber yield 17.2-27.5 t/ha, multiplication factor within 5.7-8,6) with high seed qualities of various potato varieties.
Key words: winter green manure crops, green fertilizers, biomass, growth and development, vegetation period, potato varieties, leaf surface area, productivity, yield of commodity and seed crops, reproduction coefficient, seed quality.
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