Full Article: PDF
Scientific Object Identifier: http://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS-09-65-21
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS.2018.09.65.21
Language: English
Citation: Ayyaz Afzal HM, Zulfiqar V, Kayani S (2018) INCIDENCE AND PRESENTATION OF TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS. ISJ Theoretical & Applied Science, 09 (65): 134-138. Soi: http://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS-09-65-21 Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS.2018.09.65.21 |
Pages: 134-138
Published: 30.09.2018
Abstract: Objective: This study was conducted to determine incidence and presentation of tuberculous meningitis in male vs female populations. Design and Duration: This is a cross sectional study of descriptive type. This comprises on 7 months duration from January 2018 to July 2018. Setting: This study was conducted in Nishter Hospital Multan Pakistan. Patients and Methods: All patients presented in emergency department or outpatient door of study institution with signs and symptoms of meningitis were evaluated and out of them patients with tuberculous meningitis were selected for study. These cases were belonging to both male and female populations and having different age groups. Proper history was taken, thorough physical examination was done, CT scan was done in all cases and where CT scan was not conclusive, MRI was done. Lumber Puncture was done and 5 ml CSF taken from all cases and sent for examination to the hospital laboratory. All necessary investigations were done such as CBC with ESR, RFTs, LFTs. A performa was designed containing relevant questions such as age, presenting complaints, durations of disease, family history of tuberculosis or in the patient himself and any associated disease etc. Those cases having any other chronic disease with TBM were not included in the study. Data collected was analyzed using statistical software and Microsoft office version 2017. Results were calculated as frequencies and percentages. Tables and graphs were used to express the results. Results: There were total 116 cases diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis presenting during study duration. 55.2% were female and 44.8% were male patients. Range of their ages was 15-73 years with mean age of 45±17.8 years. There were 17.2% female and 26.9% male cases between 15-25 years, 20.3% female and 30.8% male cases between 26-35 years, 23.4% female and 17.3% male between 36-45 years, 15.6% female and 11.5% male between 46-55 years and 10.9% female and 5.8% male cases were above 65 years. Presenting complaints were fever in 92.2% females and 88.5% male cases, headache was present in 96.8% female and 92.3% male cases, signs of meningism were present in 79.7% female and 71.2% male cases and 18.7% female and 9.6% male cases presented in coma. Findings on CT scan were hydrocephalus in 67.2% cases, edema in 36.2% and infarction in 11.2% cases. On MRI brain hydrocephalus was seen in 81(69.8%) cases, tuberculomas in 86(74%) and infarcts in 14(12.1%) were seen. Solitary tuberculomas were present in 22% cases and multiple in 64% cases. Conclusion: Tuberculous meningitis is a common form of meningitis occurring in both genders but frequently occurs in females. CT scan and MRI are very helpful in diagnosing TBM. Most common presenting symptoms were fever, headache and meningism while coma may be present in few cases.
Key words: Tuberculous meningitis, Meningism, presentation of meningitis.
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