Munir, S., Qiass, N., & Safdar, W.
Frequency of various causes of pleural effusion: a study conducted on children with age up to 5 years. |
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Full Article: PDF
Scientific Object Identifier: http://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS-10-66-69
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS.2018.10.66.69
Language: English
Citation: Munir, S., Qiass, N., & Safdar, W. (2018). Frequency of various causes of pleural effusion: a study conducted on children with age up to 5 years. ISJ Theoretical & Applied Science, 10 (66), 597-601. Soi: http://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS-10-66-69 Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS.2018.10.66.69 |
Pages: 597-601
Published: 30.10.2018
Abstract: Objective: This study was carried out to determine different causes of pleural effusion among children having age up to 5 years. Study design and duration: This is a cross sectional study. Study was started in January 2018 and completed in July 2018 comprising on duration of 7 months. Setting: Study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital Bahawalpur. Patients and Methods: All pediatric patients up to five years of age admitted in study institution due to pleural effusion during study duration were included in this study. These cases were diagnosed with pleural effusion due to different causes. Those cases in which diagnosis was suspected but not confirmed, they were not included in the study. These cases were belonging to male and female both genders. They were admitted in pediatric ward from outpatient-door and emergency department. All relevant data was documented properly such as age, gender, presenting complaints, important points of history taken from parents and important findings on physical examination. All baseline investigations such as CBC, RFTS, LFTS, pleural fluid examination and chest x ray were done from within the study institution. Pleural tap was done in all cases and minimum 5 ml pleural fluid was taken and sent for examination to the hospital laboratory. Proper management gave included antibiotics, intravenous paeds solution and oxygen inhalation. Mechanical ventilation was done in few cases having difficulty in breathing with decreased blood oxygen saturation. Results: Total 105 cases were included in this study. Age range was from one month to 5 years with mean age of 2.7 years. There were 16.2% cases below one year age, 28.6% cases between 1-2 years, 18% cases between 2-3 years, 21.9% between 3-4 years and 15.2% cases were between 4-5 years of age. Presenting signs and symptoms were Fever in 97% cases, cough in 85.7% cases, breathlessness in 75.2%, tachypnea in 80% cases, Pallor in 61.9%, chest pain in 48.6% cases, loss of appetite in 71.4%, vomiting in 36.2% and cyanosis was reported in 25.7% cases. Causes of pleural effusion found in study cases include pneumonia in majority cases (62.8%) followed by other causes such as tuberculosis in 23.8% cases, malignancy in 2.8%, congestive cardiac failure in 4.8% and nephritic syndrome in 5.7% cases. There were 33% cases treated with antibiotics alone, 58% treated with antibiotics and chest intubation while in 8.5% cases decortications was done in which did not respond to conservative treatment. Conclusion: pleural effusion in pediatric patients is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Most common cause of pleural effusion in this age group is pneumonia in which exudative type of pleural effusion is present.
Key words: pleural effusion, parapneumonic effusion, chest intubation.
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